A team of international researchers has developed an eco-friendly, cost-effective sodium-sulfur (Na-S) battery that could revolutionize grid-scale energy storage. This innovative design boasts four times the energy capacity of standard lithium-ion batteries, presenting a sustainable solution for storing renewable energy.
Molten-salt batteries, the category to which Na-S batteries belong, have existed for decades. However, their reliance on high-temperature operation and short lifespans has limited their commercial applications.
Scientists from China and Australia have addressed these challenges by creating a battery that uses sodium-sulphur – a type of molten salt that can be processed from sea water. This battery is capable of operating efficiently at room temperature, thus significantly improving its practicality.
Lead researcher Dr. Shenlong Zhao from the University of Sydney explained the motivation behind this work: “To support renewable energy, we need cost-effective, locally accessible storage solutions.” His team aimed to tackle Na-S batteries’ limitations by using carbon-based electrodes and a process called pyrolysis, which optimizes the interaction between sodium and sulfur.
This breakthrough design delivers a capacity of 1,017 mAh g−1 at room temperature—four times that of conventional lithium-ion batteries. Additionally, the battery maintains half its capacity after 1,000 cycles, a stability described as “unprecedented” in their research.
“Our sodium battery could significantly cut costs while offering superior storage capabilities,” said Dr. Zhao. “This is a crucial step in making renewable energy more affordable and accessible.”
Initial laboratory tests involved coin-cell versions of the battery. Researchers are now focusing on pouch-cell prototypes, aiming to transition to commercial applications. Sodium, derived from abundant resources such as seawater, not only lowers costs but also enhances energy security, paving the way for more nations to adopt renewable energy technologies.
This cutting-edge Na-S battery marks a major milestone in renewable energy storage, offering scalable, affordable solutions for a sustainable future. Its room-temperature functionality and impressive capacity could be instrumental in addressing the world’s growing energy needs while reducing reliance on fossil fuels.
Reference- journal Advanced Materials, University of Sydney, New Atlas, Medium